CASPA - Tradutor de Inglês Técnico

Como prevenir a caspa?

Caspa, também conhecida como dermatite seborreica ou eczema seborreico é uma condição do couro cabeludo com vários fatores desencadeantes, inclusive o fungo Malassezia furfur, uma reação alérgica a produtos para higiene capilar, falta de vitaminas do complexo B e estresse emocional. Para vc praticar um pouco mais seu inglês segue o texto que destaca os cuidados que se devem ter para controlar esta doença.


Dandruff, also known as seborrheic dermatitis or seborrheic eczema, is primarily a skin condition with several suspected triggers, including a fungus called Malassezia furfur, an allergic reaction to hair care products, a diet lacking in B-complex vitamins, and emotional stress. The best way to prevent dandruff from developing is to proactively address some or all of those issues before the scalp starts shedding white powdery flecks of dry skin. While these flakes of damaged skin are not contagious, they can be very unsightly and can suggest that a person has poor grooming habits or personal hygiene.
One way to prevent dandruff is to improve your diet. The Malassezia furfur fungus tends to feed on fat or oil deposits present on every person's skin. A diet which does not provide enough healthy omega-3 fatty acids or B-complex vitamins can result in heavier excretions of the type of skin oils favored by the fungus. The skin cells damaged by Malassezia furfur will eventually peel away from the scalp and lodge between hair follicles as dandruff. A more balanced diet should help reduce the level of unhealthy oils and fats excreted onto the scalp.


Another internal way to prevent dandruff is through stress management. People who lead stressful lives often have a tendency to eat a poor or insufficient diet, which in turn can leave the skin vulnerable to dermatitis, eczema, or fungal growth. By reducing stress during the day and sleeping longer at night, a person can help prevent dandruff from forming in the first place.
There are some external ways to prevent dandruff as well. Some home remedies suggest applying a handful of table salt to the scalp and rinsing it out thoroughly before applying shampoo. Another involves crushing fenugreek seeds into a powder, mixing the powder with water to form a paste, then applying the paste to the scalp and allowing it to remain undisturbed for at least 30 minutes before rinsing. These remedies may help to make the scalp's outer skin layer or epidermis inhospitable for fungal growth.
Some other home remedies to remove or prevent dandruff include an application of emu oil, a final rinse with lime juice, or the application of a diluted cider vinegar solution to the hair and scalp between shampoos. Brushing or combing the hair several times a day can also help to redistribute the hair's natural oils and reduce the chances of developing dandruff. People with excessively oily hair should try shampooing their hair more often, especially with shampoos containing drying agents such as tea tree oil.
It is also possible to have an allergic reaction or develop a sensitivity to commercial hair care products, which in turn can trigger the same episodes of flaky skin as a fungal infection. One way to prevent dandruff may be to cut back on the use of certain hair care products which could be irritating the scalp. Getting more sun exposure may help you prevent dandruff, but excessive exposure to the elements can also trigger it or make it worse. When faced with a dandruff problem, it may help to switch to medicated anti-dandruff shampoos and systematically eliminate other hair care products until the problem resolves itself.

What is a wine cellar? - Tradutor de inglês

É muito importante possuir uma boa adega para a conservação de vinhos pois flutuações de temperatura, calor, pouca umidade, e a luz podem deteriorar a qualidade do vinho em pouco tempo. Assim aqui vão algumas dicas de como montar uma boa adega e ao mesmo tempo vc praticar seu inglês! Good luck!


A wine cellar is a room, or in some cases cabinet, meant to store and protect wine. It can vary in size, cost, and effectiveness. In recent years a number of affordable options have appeared on the market, allowing even casual consumers of wine the ability to store their wine.

Intended to protect the wine, a wine cellar can guard against the three traditional enemies of wine in bottle: heat, dryness, and light. A good wine cellar keeps the wine at a fairly low temperature, with a decent amount of humidity, and in relative darkness. In addition, a good wine cellar protects against any drastic fluctuations in temperature or humidity, which can damage the wine very quickly.

The term wine cellar is often used to describe anywhere meant to protect wine for a prolonged period of time, but should strictly refer to an actual below-ground cellar. A wine cellar that is above ground is more properly called a wine room, and the smaller wine fridges many people use in their homes are wine closets.

Within the scope of an actual wine cellar, there are two main types: passive cellars and active cellars. A passive wine cellar would be found somewhere that is naturally cool and humid, and which also doesn't change wildly depending on the season. Deep natural caves are often used as passive wine cellars, but man-made earthen cellars can also function well in the right environment.

Active wine cellars make use of insulation, monitoring and cooling systems, artificial humidifiers, and seals. These cellars can be very costly, depending on their size, but allow for more dynamic construction. They may also be a more ideal form of protection for valuable wines.

A wine room or home wine cellar can be constructed either by a specialized company, or in a do-it-yourself fashion. Many people find that they can convert a spare closet into a functional wine cellar without spending too much money or time. The most important thing is simply to keep the wine cool, and at a steady temperature. Ideally, wine will be kept at somewhere around 50° F (10° C), with no more than a few degrees variation year-round.

Many companies now also offer small electric wine cellars, which are really wine closets or wine refrigerators. These come in many different sizes, and at a number of different price points. The smallest hold only a few bottles, while larger stand-alones may hold more than 100 bottles. The cheaper standup wine cellars regulate only the temperature of the wines, with some having two different "zones," one for red and one for white. More expensive standup wine cellars keep the wines at a constant humidity as well, which may or may not help protect natural corks from drying out and damaging the wine.

Some companies will also come to your house and convert a closet or spare room into your very own wine cellar. They install added insulation, temperature monitors, and some type of humidifier. Many consumers find that these conversions can be surprisingly affordable.

One other alternative to a traditional wine cellar exists for those who want to protect their wines, but don't want to invest in digging out their own cellar or finding a natural cave. Many self-storage facilities offer temperature- and humidity-controlled environments for a monthly price. This can be a surprisingly effective way to keep a large number of wines protected for years on end, although it is a good idea to make sure the temperature range is truly stable, and ideally to find a unit that offers some sort of insurance for the goods that you store there.

crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem - tradutor de inglês

What Is a Learning Disability?

Crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem demoram mais para aprender a ler e a escrever e demais funções também são afetadas como a fala, memorização e a organização de informações. Este problema é difícil de ser identificado quando a criança ainda é muito pequena mas a partir dos 7 anos já se torna bem evidente seu diagnostico. Os pais devem procurar informações e discutir este problema com os professores e os profissionais da saúde para que busquem ajuda e auxiliem as crianças a superar estas dificuldades. Segue mais um texto informativo em inglês sobre o tema, bom estudo e good luck!

A learning disability is any of a number of conditions that make the process of learning difficult because of the way the brain processes information. In most people with a learning disability, it becomes recognizable sometime during the early years of school. A learning disability does affect the way a person learns, but it does not mean he or she cannot learn.
There are numerous types of learning disabilities that may affect speech, reading, writing, memorization, organization of information, and even motor skills. Many people with a learning disability may have difficulty focusing or remembering what they have read or heard. The impact on these areas of learning can make school frustrating for children and can even make work difficult for adults who have not learned to manage a learning disability.


The brain processes information in pieces in different sections and transmits processed information to other parts of the brain. A person with a learning disability has a brain that either processes or transmits information differently than the average, or "normal" brain. Brain function can cause a person with a learning disability to have difficulty processing or transmitting written, verbal, or auditory information in the standard way others are used to.
Public schools estimate that roughly 10% of students have some type of learning disability. In contrast to students whose school performance is poor based on demographics, economics, or cultural influence, a learning disability is not caused by environment, but is a neurobiological disorder. In most places, students who are affected by a learning disability are entitled to certain considerations and rights by law in order to improve their experience in school and receive an equal opportunity for education.
A learning disability is typically diagnosed through a series of cognitive tests administered by a specialist, such as a psychologist, therapist, or other medical professional. Early detection and intervention by parents, medical professionals, and school personnel greatly improve a child's chances of learning success. A person with a learning disability simply learns differently and once their learning abilities and limitations are understood, it is easier for the student and teacher to engage in the learning process.
Related topics
Learning Disability
Learning Disability Children
Dyslexia Learning Disability
Learning Disability Services
Learning Disability Assessment
Learning Disability Testing
Adhd Learning Disability
It can be difficult to identify a learning disability in young children because many parts of their brain are still developing and just beginning to engage in certain processes, but by age 7 or so it becomes easier to detect. If a child is struggling in school because of difficulty concentrating, problems writing, difficulty understanding written material, or similar problems, his or her parents should talk to the child's teachers and pediatrician. These professionals will be able to refer the parent to specialists who can diagnose and work with the child to overcome his or her difficulties.

Por que a lua aparece de dia? - tradutor de inglês

Muitas vezes vemos a lua durante o dia, muito branca no céu, o planeta Venus também pode ser visto durante o dia. Mas seu brilho é bem inferior ao da lua, por isso devemos saber para onde olhar para podermos observá-lo. A lua estando mais perto da terra é mais fácil de ser observada. Nesta época do ano (setembro) Venus esta um pouco deslocado do sol mais ou menos 15 graus adiantado, olhando para este local poder ser visto durante o dia, das 10 da manhã as 10 da noite, vale a pena tentar. Aprenda mais sobre a lua e seu brilho com este texto em inglês, alem de ser informativo serve p/ vc ir praticando seu aprendizado deste idioma tão importante. Good luck!



Why does the Moon sometimes come out during the day?


You can see the Moon in the daytime because it is big and brightly lit by the Sun. The surface of the Moon is about as reflective as an asphalt road--rather dark but not totally black. When you look at the Moon, you are seeing the light which reflects off it. This is not nearly as bright as the Sun, but it is up to 100,000 times as bright as the brightest nighttime star.
During the day, the brightness of the sky washes out the light from the stars: a region of the sky including a bright star is only very slightly brighter than a region of the sky without a bright star, so your eye cannot notice the difference. However, the region of the sky containing the Moon is much brighter, so you can see it. You can also sometimes see Venus during the day if the conditions are right and you know exactly where to look, but anything dimmer is lost.
It might be useful to think of the Sun as a large light bulb, and the moon as a large mirror. There are situations where we can't see the light bulb, but we can see the light from the bulb reflected in the mirror. This is the situation when the moon is out at night. We can't see the Sun directly because the earth is blocking our view of it, but we can see its light reflected from the moon. However, there are also situations where we can see both the light bulb and the mirror, and this is what is happening when we see the moon during the day. You can explore this for yourself with a light and a hand mirror. Depending on which way you face (away from the light or sideways to the light) you can see either just the mirror, or both the light and the mirror.

Como ver o planeta Vênus de dia - Tradutor de Inglês

Como astrônomo amador fico fascinado com as surpresas que o céu nos reserva. Por exemplo, ver de dia o planeta Vênus é uma delas. Vc pode vê-lo de 10 h da manhã (25/08/2010) até a meia-noite. Ele aparece mais ou menos 15 ou 20 graus de distancia do sol, ao meio-dia ele esta bem no meio do céu. Nosso amigo John Walker tirou uma foto dele com um telescópio, mas este pode ser visto facilmente a olho nu sem problemas. E ainda mais, consegui ver além de Vênus a formação estelar da Via-lactea durante o dia, é fantastico poder ver estes astros durante o dia, uma dica, para ver Vênus durante o dia, use fios de postes ou casas proximas para que seu olho tenha algo como referencia para vc ver melhor o céu distante ou então olhe para o horizonte e depois olhe rapidamente para o local onde esta o planeta Vênus. Ok. Boa observação! Segue aqui o texto em inglês para vc praticar!


Viewing Venus in Broad Daylight
by John Walker


For almost twenty years I lived near the Pacific coast of California, north of San Francisco (in Marin County). While the climate is superb (if you don't like hot weather, which I detest) and the scenery is magnificent, for an amateur astronomer like myself, there's one huge drawback: the fog. Mark Twain once remarked that the coldest winter he recalled was a summer in San Francisco. Although it rarely rains in the summer, almost every evening dense fog rolls in from the Pacific, reducing visibility to next to nil. On many days which dawn enveloped in fog, the Sun does manage to burn it off in the middle of the day, but come the evening the fog rolls right back in, much appreciated, no doubt, by the huge slimy slugs which outnumber primates in the region, but distinctly less so among said primates who amuse themselves by peering through telescopes.

I mean, astronomers are stargazers, and if the only time the sky isn't shrouded in fog is mid-afternoon, that kind of pares down the list of things at which one might direct one's gaze. Daytime optical astronomy seems a subject uniquely devoid of objects: the Sun, Moon, Venus, the occasional comet, the exceptional bolide, and the odd supernova pretty much exhaust the list of potential targets.

Venus? Yes. When Venus is bright and far from the Sun in a clear sky, you can observe this planet in broad daylight with the unaided eye. Here's how.

I've found that the best way to spot Venus in the daytime is to first note the angular distance between the Sun and Venus by observing Venus shortly after sunset. Then, the next day, find an observing site where the Sun is blocked from view (essential both for eye safety and to allow the iris to dilate and see Venus better against the sky). From that location, sweep the sky in overlapping fields with binoculars pre-focused at infinity by observing an object on the horizon. Sweep along the ecliptic in the area with the angular separation from the Sun noted the previous night. Since the Sun is blocked from view at your observing site, you can freely scan the sky without fear of damaging your vision by inadvertently sweeping past the Sun.

When you sweep past Venus, you'll know it. Even with my battered, poorly collimated, and cheap 6×30s, Venus is a brilliant speck of white against the blue sky. Once you've found Venus with binoculars, put the binoculars down and observe that area of sky with the naked eye. If the sky is perfectly clear your eye has no reference to focus upon so if you've learned the trick of consciously focusing your eyes, changing the focus may help Venus pop out from the sky.

Another trick I use to spot Venus in the daytime sky with the naked eye is to focus on the horizon, then quickly look up to the area of sky where Venus shines—the eye tends to remain focused at infinity, and Venus is found more readily. Looking up from a head-level position also seems to minimise interference from material floating within the eye. If the Moon is visible in the daytime sky, I've found that observing it to focus the eye, then sweeping over to Venus also works well.

The more transparent the sky, the more visible Venus will be; I've spotted Venus on afternoons with a very light haze, but anything more than that makes naked-eye observation extremely difficult, if not impossible. You can estimate the transparency of the sky by observing how close to the Sun the sky remains blue—the smaller the white dazzle around the Sun, the clearer the sky. Don't, of course, stare directly at the Sun unless you want to permanently conclude your astronomical career.

I find the sight of Venus shining forth from a brilliant blue mid-afternoon sky not only inherently beautiful (when else can you see a pinpoint of light piercing the daytime sky?), but rewarding to the observer in the sense that you're seeing a sight that billions of people could see if they bothered to look, but which only a very few people will ever observe in their lifetimes.

It's also possible to photograph Venus in broad daylight. The photo at the top was taken at 14:30 Pacific Standard Time on March 13th, 1988, with Ektachrome 200 film through an 80mm Brandon apochromatic refractor with the image projected onto the film plane of a Nikkormat camera by a Brandon 20mm focal length wide-angle eyepiece. The shutter speed was 1/250 second. The slide from which the above image was scanned was taken from Muir Beach, California (37°52'N 122°35'W).

So far, I've failed to capture Venus through a normal lens when the Sun was unobscured in the sky, though I've taken several slides which, if summed, might possibly reveal Venus. The problem is that the image of Venus through a normal lens is on the order of the grain size of Ektachrome film, so it's hard to dig the image of Venus out of the random grain pattern of the resulting slides. Using finer grain films such as Kodachrome 25 and red filters which enhance the contrast of white Venus against the blue sky may help. If you succeed in photographing Venus in the daytime with a normal lens, let me know; I'll be happy to publish your pictures here with full attribution and/or link to your page containing the photos.

Once you've found Venus in the daytime sky, it's a rewarding telescopic object at high magnifications. Waning gibbous Venus against a brilliant blue sky is a sight few people have seen. The bright background actually makes the phase easier to see than at night when the glare of Venus against a black sky often makes one reach for a neutral density filter.

In Journalism, What is a Screamer? - Tradutor de inglês

Quando vc vê um jornal na banca de revistas, geralmente uma manchete chama sua atenção e aí vc chega e compra este jornal porque havia algo escrito que vc considerou importante. Justamente esta manchete sensacionalista é um screamer, assunto apelativo que atrai a atenção do leitor. Para vc praticar seu inglês mais um texto informativo que disponibilizo para os queridos leitores do blog.


A screamer is a distinctive headline which has been written with the goal of drawing attention to the article beneath it. While all headlines arguably serve this function, screamers demand attention, insisting that readers turn to the article in question immediately and without delay. Screamers are typically sensational, and sometimes specifically designed to be provocative. For some good examples of screamers, peruse the tabloids at the checkout stand, which often have a plentiful array of screamers to choose from.
Screamers appear on the front page, because the idea is to entice consumers into buying the newspaper or magazine to read what's inside. In newspapers, screamers are always above the fold, ensuring that they will be visible, and they are often larger than the surrounding headlines so that they really stand out. Screamers may also be italicized or underlined for extra effect, and some companies also allow the use of punctuation marks in screamers; exclamation points, for example, will really make a screamer stand out.
This term is most commonly used in print journalism, in reference to newspaper and magazines. Screamers also appear in online journalism, however, and at more adventurous sites, they may literally scream at the viewer, with the use of an embedded sound file. Screamers also show up on television, in the scrolling news feeds at the bottom of some network feeds. Urgent breaking news may show up as a screamer while the network prepares to cut to a journalist, for example, ensuring that viewers stay pinned to the network for an update.
Some newspapers eschew the screamer, preferring a more stately and elegant look; the New York Times is probably the most famous for its staid, unremarkable appearance. More stately papers prefer descriptive headlines which sum up the content of an article, like "Politician X Speaks at Union Rally," allowing readers to get a quick idea of the coverage on the front page, while screamers highlight the sensational content of a news item, as in "Politician X Claims 'Oil Companies Should be Nationalized'."
Writing a screamer, or any headline, takes talent. Headlines need to be succinct, clear, and to the point, and editors need to be careful about unintentional double entendres and glaring mistakes such as the infamous "Dewey Defeats Truman" headline of 1948, which the Chicago Tribune may never live down. In the case of a screamer, more journalistic license is involved, and the editor may generate a headline which punches up tension to draw the eyes.

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Buracos negros nâo existem 2 - Tradutor de Inglês

Como astrônomo amador, a teoria sobre a existência de buracos negros nunca me agradou. Depois de 30 anos de controversias e teorias absurdas, muitos físicos hoje admitem que os buracos negros não existem. Boa notícia, já estamos começando a fazer progresso neste campo, porque quando os cientistas abandonam uma teoria e seguem para outra é sinal que tem a mente aberta para outras possibilidades e é assim que a ciência evolui ao longo dos séculos. Neste texto da Sciencia Now, já se admite que o fenomeno do suposto buraco negro nada mais é o que sobrou de uma estrela outrora ativa que agora possui um grande poder gravitacional mas não infinito e que agora atrai objetos ao seu redor. Algo muito mais sensato, simples e plausível de se entender. Para vc praticar seu inglês segue este excelente texto informativo.


Black Holes Don’t Exist, Say Physicists


Well-known science commentator and intelligent design foe Lawrence
Krauss has published an intriguing paper that dispenses with a major contradiction in black hole theory by arguing that black holes as commonly described cannot exist.

Black holes are presumed to possess infinitely strong gravity, a property that gives rise to a famous problem first pointed out by
Stephen Hawking in 1974. Due to random particle movements posited by quantum theory, black holes should slowly evaporate as particle-antiparticle pairs flit into existence at a point straddling the event horizon, where gravity is so strong even light can’t escape.

In Hawking’s scenario, one partner in the pair should fall into the hole, while the other should make it free, if only barely. Thus, over billions and trillions of years, the block hole should lose mass.


This predicted phenomenon, dubbed Hawking radiation, has never been observed; but it has stumped physicists for more than three decades. "How can black holes be both airtight and leaky?" asks ScienceNOW, in a report published Wednesday.

Krauss’s answer: Hawking’s riddle is a trick question. Due to the relative nature of time under Einstein’s general theory, time should stop at the event horizon. Anything that approaches, therefore, should come to a halt before it falls into the black hole, effectively preventing the black hole from forming in the first place.

What we think are black holes, says Krauss in a paper co-authored with colleagues at Case Western Reserve, could be misidentified remnants of stars possessing a tremendous — but not infinite — amount of gravity